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Hongwang ZHAO

Entropy-Time Hypothesis: On Time as an Emergent Property of Information Dissipation and Its Physical Effects

Abstract: This paper proposes the Entropy-Time Hypothesis (ETH), asserting that macroscopic timeis not a fundamental dimension but an emergent property resulting from irreversible information dissipation within the underlying information field . Through quantitative analysis, we introduce the Temporal Rheology Tensor and establish the fundamental dynamical equation , with the coupling coefficient estimated at the Planck scale. Within this framework, baryon asymmetry is interpreted as the dynamical cost for initiating temporal evolution, while dark matter is redefined as "super-coherent information knots"ùnon-dissipative structures that contribute to gravitational effects via field gradients without holographic refresh rates. Finally, three experimental protocols, including the "Landauer Cycle-Induced Temporal Drift Experiment," are designed to empirically verify the deep coupling between information, energy, and spacetime metrics.

  cnXiv2021020620 [DOC]   12 pages

On Counter Examples in Physical Analysis

Abstract: Counter examples are usually used to illustrate that an argument does not hold. Appropriate counter examples can show the limitations and shortcomings of the original theory. In order to overturn and negate an argument, we only need to point out that the conclusion is not tenable in a special case which is consistent with the proposition, that is, we only need to give a counter example. Physical properties have universality, which means that there are no counter examples, while counter examples mean that universality is not tenable. Based on the concept and thought of counter example, four counter examples are put forward, which involve the fields of relativity, Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory, Planck’s constant, quantum mechanics. They are mass decreases with the increase of speed, light speed satisfies wave equation and non wave equation at the same time, Planck’s constant is not the smallest physical constant/the basic gravitational intrinsic constant is the smallest physical constant, and the contradiction between uncertainty principle and the concept of matter wave .

Key words: Special Relativity; Maxwell’s Equations; Planck’s Constant; Fundamental Gravitational Intrinsic Constant, Uncertain Principle; Matter Wave; Counter Example

  cnXiv2021020910 [DOC]   7 pages

Description of Nuclear Reaction Mechanism based on the Principle of Light Speed

Abstract: The analysis process of the dimensional relationship “energy≡ mass×speed×speed” is presented. Radiation is one of the basic properties of a mass body. The essence of radiation is that the mass body splits to produce tiny mass bodies moving at light speed. A mass moving at light speed is called a photon. According to the different sources of photons, radiation can be divided into intrinsic (photon) radiation and extrinsic (photon) radiation. The intrinsic radiation is the natural and spontaneous radiation of the mass body. As long as the mass body exists, the intrinsic radiation will exist. Blackbody radiation belongs to intrinsic radiation. All radiation except blackbody radiation belongs to extrinsic radiation. Their characteristic is to produce or increase photons by some mechanism. If the mechanism does not work, there will be no corresponding photons produced or increased. Nuclear reaction belongs to extrinsic radiation. The maximum mass energy is discussed and the way to obtain the maximum mass energy is introduced. The radiation of introducing time scale is discussed. The basic principle of nuclear reaction mechanism is explained.

Key words: Photon; Principle of Light Speed; Intrinsic Radiation; Extrinsic Radiation; Nueclear Reaction; Laser